1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinsimbi, ezingahlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko zibe izigaba ezilandelayo ngokuya ngokuma nokusebenza:
Ibholidi: Isibophelelo esiyicylindrical esinezintambo, ngokuvamile esisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nenathi, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokuqinisa ngokuzungezisa inadi. Ama-bolts asetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini ehlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo, futhi ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuxhuma nokulungisa izingxenye.
Nut: Inathi liyingxenye esetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nebhawodi, elinezimbobo ezinentambo ngaphakathi ezimesha intambo yebhawodi. Ngokujikeleza i-nati, kungenzeka ukuqinisa noma ukukhulula i-bolt.
Isikulufu: Isikulufu siwuhlobo lwe-fastener enezintambo zangaphandle, ngokuvamile ezigoqwe ngqo embotsheni ecushiwe yengxenye exhunyiwe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthi inadi lilingane. Izikulufu zingasebenza kokubili izinjongo zokubopha nokubeka phakathi nenqubo yokuxhuma.
I-Stud: I-stud iwuhlobo lwe-fastener enezintambo emikhawulweni yomibili, ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye ezimbili eziwugqinsi. Umphumela wokuqiniswa wama-bolt uzinzile futhi ulungele izimo lapho zingakwazi ukumelana namandla aphezulu.
I-Gasket: I-gasket iyingxenye esetshenziselwa ukukhulisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zokuxhuma, ukuvimbela ukuxega, nokunciphisa ukuguga. Ama-gaskets avame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinsimbi ezifana nama-bolts namantongomane.
Isikulufu sokuzithepha ngokwakho: Isikulufu sokuzithinta ngokwakho wuhlobo lwesikulufu esinezintambo ezikhethekile ezingathinta ngokuqondile izimbobo ezinentambo engxenyeni exhunyiwe futhi zifinyelele ukuqiniswa. Izikulufu zokuzithinta zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma izinto zamapuleti amancane.
I-Rivet: I-rivet iyi-fastener ehlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngokufaka i-riveting. Izixhumi ezi-riveted zinamandla aphezulu nokuzinza.
Ukuthengisa: Ukuthengisa izinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma nokubeka izingxenye ezimbili. Ukuthengisa kuvame ukuba namadiamitha amancane nobude obude, okubenza bafaneleke izimo ezidinga ukuma okunembayo.
Indandatho egcinayo: Indandatho ebambayo iyisakhi esisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwe-axial kwe-shaft noma izingxenye zayo. Indandatho ebambayo ivame ukufakwa ebusweni bokuphela kwe-shaft noma imbobo, ikhawulela ukunyakaza kwe-axial ye-shaft noma izingxenye zayo ngokusebenzisa ukuqina kwayo noma ukuqina.
Izikulufu zezinkuni: Izikulufu zokhuni ziyizinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ukuxhuma ukhuni. Intambo yezikulufu zokhuni ayijulile, kulula ukuyifaka okhunini, futhi inomphumela omuhle wokubopha.
I-Welding Nail: I-Welding Nail iyisithambiso esinamandla aphezulu, esisheshayo esilungele ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ehlukahlukene kanye nezinkambu zokukhiqiza zezimboni. Iqukethe induku engenalutho kanye nekhanda le-nail (noma isakhiwo esingenaso ikhanda le-nail), esixhunywe ngokuqinile engxenyeni ethile noma ingxenye ethile ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-welding uxhumano oluzinzile nokuhlangana nezinye izingxenye esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuhlanganisa: Ingxenye eyakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ndawonye. Lezi zingxenye zingaba izingxenye ezijwayelekile noma izingxenye eziklanywe ngokukhethekile. Inhloso yomhlangano ukusiza ukufakwa, ukulungiswa, noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlanganisa amabhawodi, amantongomane, namawasha ndawonye ukuze kwakheke ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile okungafakwa ngokushesha.
2. Izimiso zokunquma izindinganiso nezinhlobonhlobo
Lapho sikhetha ama-fasteners, sidinga ukulandela izimiso ezilandelayo ukuze sinqume izindinganiso nezinhlobonhlobo zazo:
Yehlisa ukuhlukahluka futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle: Ngenkathi uhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa, izibophelelo ezijwayelekile kufanele zikhethwe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlukahluka nokucaciswa kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Beka kuqala ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zomkhiqizo ezijwayelekile: Izinhlobo zomkhiqizo ezijwayelekile zinokuhlukahlukana okuphezulu nokushintshana, okunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokuwunakekela. Ngakho-ke, noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka, kufanele kubekwe kuqala ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezijwayelekile zomkhiqizo.
Nquma ukuhlukahluka ngokuya ngezidingo zokusetshenziswa: Lapho kukhethwa izixhumi, kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele indawo ezisetshenziswayo, izimo zengcindezi, izinto zokwakha, nezinye izici ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izibophelelo ezikhethiwe zingahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenzisa.
3. Izinga lokusebenza komshini
Izinga lokusebenza kwemishini yezinsimbi liyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa amandla nokuqina kwazo. Ngokusho kwe-GB/T 3098.1-2010, amabhawodi, izikulufu nezinye izixhumi zingahlelwa ngamaleveli okusebenza amaningi afana no-4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, njll. Lawa mabanga amelela amandla engcindezi ehlukene kanye ne-fasten ye-fasten. Isibonelo, ibhawudi elinezinga lokusebenza le-8.8 limelela amandla okuqina angama-800 MPa kanye namandla okukhiqiza angama-80%, okungamandla aqinile we-640 MPa.
4. Izinga lokunemba
Izinga lokunemba lezinsimbi libonisa ukunemba kwazo kokukhiqiza nokunemba okufanele. Ngokwemithethonqubo evamile, imikhiqizo yokubopha ingahlukaniswa ngamaleveli amathathu: A, B, kanye no-C. Phakathi kwawo, ileveli engu-A inokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu futhi ileveli engu-C inokunemba okuphansi kakhulu. Lapho ukhetha izinsimbi, izinga lokunemba kwazo kufanele linqunywe ngokuya ngezidingo zokusetshenziswa.
5. Intambo
Imicu iyingxenye ebalulekile yezixhumi, futhi umumo nosayizi wabo kunomthelela obalulekile kumphumela wokuxhuma we-fasteners. Ngokwemithethonqubo evamile, izinga lokubekezelela izintambo lingahlukaniswa libe ngu-6H, 7H, njll. Intambo eqinile inokuhlukahluka okuhle nokushintshashintshayo, ifanele izikhathi zokuxhuma ezijwayelekile; Intambo enhle inokusebenza okuhle kokunqanda ukuxega futhi ifanele izimo ezidinga ukumelana nokudlidliza okukhulu nomthelela.
6. Imininingwane
Ukucaciswa kwama-fasteners kuvame ukufaka amapharamitha amabili: ububanzi nobude. Uma ukhetha izinto zokubopha, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ukhethe amadayamitha nobude ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile lokucaciswa ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zempahla nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ekukhethweni kobubanzi, uchungechunge lokuqala lwamanani kufanele lukhethwe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo yonke kanye nokushintshana kwezibophelelo.
Kafushane, izinsimbi, njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zokuxhuma nokulungisa izingxenye, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni. Ngokuqonda ukuhlukaniswa, izimiso zokukhetha, namapharamitha obuchwepheshe ahlobene wezixhumi, singakhetha kangcono futhi sisebenzise izixhumi. Lokho kuphetha ukwabelana kwanamuhla. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokunaka kwakho nokufunda.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-06-2025