Ni bangahe uzi kubyerekeye gutondekanya, amahame yo gutoranya, hamwe na tekiniki ya tekinike yiziritse?

1. Gutondekanya ibifunga
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwiziritse, bushobora kugabanywa cyane mubyiciro bikurikira ukurikije imiterere n'imikorere:

Bolt: Umuyoboro wa silindrike ufite imigozi, ubusanzwe ukoreshwa hamwe nimbuto, kugirango ugere ku ngaruka zo kuzunguruka ibinyomoro. Bolt ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bitandukanye byubukanishi, kandi nibintu byingenzi muguhuza no gutunganya ibice.
Ibinyomoro: Ibinyomoro nikintu gikoreshwa gifatanije na bolt, ifite urudodo rwimbere imbere ihuza urudodo. Muguhinduranya ibinyomoro, birashoboka gukomera cyangwa kurekura Bolt.
Umuyoboro: Imashini ni ubwoko bwihuta hamwe nududodo two hanze, mubisanzwe byinjiye mu mwobo uhujwe nu gice cyahujwe bitabaye ngombwa ko umutobe uhuza. Imiyoboro irashobora gutanga intego yo gufunga no guhagarara mugihe cyo guhuza.
Inyigo: Sitidiyo ni ubwoko bwihuta hamwe nudodo kumpande zombi, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muguhuza ibice bibiri binini. Ingaruka yo kwizirika ya bolts irahagaze kandi irakwiriye mubihe bishobora kwihanganira imbaraga zikomeye.

Igikuta: Igikoresho nikintu gikoreshwa mukongera aho uhurira hagati yibice bihuza, kwirinda kurekura, no kugabanya kwambara. Ubusanzwe gasketi ikoreshwa ifatanije nu gufunga nka bolts na nuts.
Igikoresho cyo kwikuramo wenyine: Ubwoko bwo kwikuramo ubwonko ni ubwoko bwa screw ifite insinga zidasanzwe zishobora gukanda mu buryo butaziguye umwobo uhujwe mu gice cyahujwe kandi ukagera ku gufunga. Imashini yo kwikuramo ikoreshwa cyane muguhuza ibikoresho byoroshye.
Rivet: Rivet ni yihuta ihuza ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi hamwe hamwe. Ihuza rihindagurika rifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zihamye.
Igurisha: Igurisha ni feri ikoreshwa muguhuza no gushyira ibice bibiri. Igurisha mubisanzwe rifite diameter ntoya nuburebure burebure, bigatuma bikwiranye nibihe bisaba guhagarara neza.

Kugumana impeta: Impeta igumana ni ikintu gikoreshwa mu gukumira urujya n'uruza rw'igiti cyangwa ibiyigize. Impeta igumana ubusanzwe ishyirwa kumpera yanyuma yigitereko cyangwa umwobo, bikagabanya urujya n'uruza rw'igiti cyangwa ibiyigize binyuze muburyo bworoshye cyangwa bukomeye.
Imigozi yimbaho: Imigozi yimbaho ​​nizifata cyane cyane muguhuza ibiti. Urudodo rwibiti byimbaho ​​ni ruto, byoroshye gucengera mu giti, kandi bifite ingaruka nziza yo gufunga.
Umusumari wo gusudira: Umusumari wo gusudira ni imbaraga nyinshi, yihuta yo gusudira byihuse bikwiranye nubwubatsi butandukanye bwubatswe ninganda zikora inganda. Igizwe n'inkoni yambaye ubusa n'umutwe w'imisumari (cyangwa imiterere idafite umutwe wumusumari), ihujwe neza nigice runaka cyangwa ibice binyuze muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gusudira kugirango ihuze neza kandi iterane nibindi bice mugihe kizaza.
Inteko: Igice cyakozwe muguhuza ibice byinshi hamwe. Ibi bice birashobora kuba ibice bisanzwe cyangwa ibice byabugenewe. Intego yinteko ni koroshya kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga, cyangwa kunoza umusaruro. Kurugero, guhuza bolts, nuts, hamwe nogeshe hamwe kugirango ukore inteko ifatika ishobora gushyirwaho vuba.

2. Amahame yo kumenya ibipimo nubwoko butandukanye
Mugihe duhitamo ibifunga, dukeneye gukurikiza amahame akurikira kugirango tumenye amahame nubwoko bwabo:
Kugabanya ibintu bitandukanye no kunoza imikorere: Mugihe byujuje ibisabwa byo gukoresha, ibifunga bisanzwe bigomba gutoranywa bishoboka kugirango bigabanye ibintu bitandukanye nibisobanuro no kunoza umusaruro.
Shyira imbere ikoreshwa ryubwoko bwibicuruzwa bisanzwe: Ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bisanzwe bifite rusange kandi bihinduranya, bishobora kugabanya ibicuruzwa no kubungabunga ibiciro. Kubwibyo, igihe cyose bishoboka, hagomba gushyirwa imbere gukoresha ibice bisanzwe byibicuruzwa.
Menya ubwoko butandukanye ukurikije ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshwe: Mugihe uhitamo ibifunga, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane kubijyanye n’imikoreshereze yabyo, imiterere y’imihangayiko, ibikoresho, nibindi bintu kugirango hamenyekane ko ibyuma byatoranijwe bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa.

3. Urwego rwimikorere
Urwego rwimikorere yimikorere ya feri ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gupima imbaraga nigihe kirekire. Ukurikije GB / T 3098.1-2010, bolts, screw nibindi bifata birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa byinshi nka 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, nibindi. Kurugero, bolt ifite urwego rwimikorere ya 8.8 yerekana imbaraga zingana za 800 MPa nimbaraga zitanga 80%, nimbaraga zingana na 640 MPa.

4. Urwego rwukuri
Urwego rusobanutse rwibifunga rugaragaza imikorere yabyo kandi ikwiye. Ukurikije amabwiriza asanzwe, ibicuruzwa byihuta birashobora gushyirwa mubice bitatu: A, B, na C. Muri byo, Urwego rufite ubunyangamugayo buhanitse kandi urwego C rufite ubunyangamugayo buke. Mugihe uhitamo ibifunga, urwego rwukuri rugomba kugenwa ukurikije ibisabwa.

5. Umutwe
Imitwe ningingo yingenzi yiziritse, kandi imiterere nubunini bifite ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yo guhuza. Ukurikije amabwiriza asanzwe, urwego rwo kwihanganira insanganyamatsiko rushobora kugabanywamo 6H, 7H, nibindi. Urudodo rwiza rufite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya kurekura kandi irakwiriye mubihe bisaba kwihanganira kunyeganyega kwinshi ningaruka.

6. Ibisobanuro
Ibisobanuro byiziritse mubisanzwe birimo ibipimo bibiri: diameter n'uburebure. Mugihe uhitamo ibifunga, nibyiza guhitamo diameter nuburebure murwego rusanzwe kugirango ugabanye ibarura nigiciro. Mugihe kimwe, kubijyanye no gutoranya diameter, urukurikirane rwambere rwindangagaciro rugomba guhitamo ibishoboka byose kugirango tunoze isi yose hamwe no guhinduranya kwizirika.
Muri make, ibifunga, nkibice byingenzi byo guhuza no gutunganya ibice, bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byinganda. Mugusobanukirwa ibyiciro, amahame yo gutoranya, hamwe nibikoresho bya tekinike bifitanye isano, dushobora guhitamo neza no gukoresha ibifunga. Ibyo birangiza gusangira uyumunsi. Urakoze cyane kubitekerezo byawe no gusoma.