1. Gulu la zomangira
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zomangira, zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi ntchito:
Bolt: Chomangira cha cylindrical chokhala ndi ulusi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi nati, kuti chikwaniritse kumangirira pozungulira mtedza. Ma bolts amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana zamakina ndi zomangamanga, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulumikiza ndi kukonza magawo.
Mtedza: Mtedza ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi bawuti, chomwe chapanga mabowo mkati mwake omwe amafanana ndi ulusi wa bawuti. Pozungulira nati, ndizotheka kumangitsa kapena kumasula bolt.
Screw: Screw ndi mtundu wa chomangira chokhala ndi ulusi wakunja, womwe nthawi zambiri umakulungidwa mu dzenje la ulusi wa gawo lolumikizidwa popanda kufunikira kwa nati kuti ikwane. Zomangira zimatha kugwira ntchito zomangirira komanso zoyikira panthawi yolumikizana.
Stud: Stud ndi mtundu wa chomangira chokhala ndi ulusi mbali zonse ziwiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zigawo ziwiri zokhuthala. Kumangirira kwa ma bolts kumakhala kokhazikika komanso koyenera kuti athe kupirira mphamvu zolimba kwambiri.
Gasket: Gasket ndi gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa malo olumikizana pakati pa magawo olumikizira, kupewa kumasuka, ndi kuchepetsa kuvala. Ma gaskets nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zomangira monga mabawuti ndi mtedza.
Self tapping screw: Self tapping screw ndi mtundu wa screw yokhala ndi ulusi wapadera womwe umatha kulumikiza mabowo olumikizidwa mugawo lolumikizidwa ndikukwaniritsa kukhazikika. Zomangira zodzigudubuza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikiza zida zopyapyala zama mbale.
Rivet: Rivet ndi chomangira chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zigawo ziwiri kapena kuposerapo palimodzi. Zolumikizira zokongoletsedwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukhazikika.
Zogulitsa: Zogulitsa ndi zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ndikuyika magawo awiri. Zogulitsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono komanso utali wautali, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafunikira kuyika bwino.
Kusunga mphete: Mphete yosungira ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kuyenda kwa axial kwa shaft kapena zigawo zake. Mphete yosungiramo nthawi zambiri imayikidwa kumapeto kwa tsinde kapena dzenje, kuletsa kuyenda kwa axial kwa shaft kapena zigawo zake kudzera mu elasticity kapena kukhazikika kwake.
Zomangira zamatabwa: Zomangira zamatabwa ndi zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kulumikiza matabwa. Ulusi wa zomangira zamatabwa ndi wosazama, wosavuta kupota mu matabwa, ndipo umakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zomangirira.
Kuwotcherera msomali: kuwotcherera misomali ndi mkulu-mphamvu, mofulumira kuwotcherera chomangira oyenera zosiyanasiyana zitsulo zomangamanga ndi minda kupanga mafakitale. Amakhala ndi ndodo yopanda kanthu ndi mutu wa msomali (kapena kapangidwe kopanda mutu wa msomali), womwe umalumikizidwa mokhazikika ndi gawo linalake kapena chigawo china kudzera muukadaulo wowotcherera kuti kulumikizana kokhazikika ndikusonkhanitsira magawo ena m'tsogolomu.
Msonkhano: Chigawo chopangidwa pophatikiza zigawo zingapo pamodzi. Zigawozi zitha kukhala zigawo zokhazikika kapena zida zopangidwa mwapadera. Cholinga cha msonkhanowu ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa, kukonza, kapena kukonza bwino kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza mabawuti, mtedza, ndi makina ochapira pamodzi kuti apange gulu lomangira lomwe lingakhazikike mwachangu.
2. Mfundo zowunikira miyezo ndi mitundu
Posankha zomangira, tiyenera kutsatira mfundo zotsatirazi kuti tidziwe miyezo ndi mitundu yawo:
Chepetsani kusiyanasiyana ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito: Pokwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito, zomangira zokhazikika ziyenera kusankhidwa momwe zingathere kuti muchepetse kusiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Yang'anani kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mitundu yodziwika bwino: Mitundu yokhazikika yazinthu imakhala ndi mitundu yonse yamitundu yonse komanso yosinthika, yomwe ingachepetse ndalama zopangira ndi kukonza. Choncho, ngati kuli kotheka, kuyenera kuperekedwa patsogolo pa kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zokhazikika za mankhwala.
Tsimikizirani mitunduyo molingana ndi zofunikira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito: Posankha zomangira, kuganiziridwa kwathunthu kuyenera kuganiziridwa pazomwe akugwiritsira ntchito, kupsinjika, zida, ndi zinthu zina kuti zitsimikizire kuti zomangira zomwe zasankhidwa zitha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito.
3. Mulingo wakuchita kwamakina
Mulingo wamakina wa zomangira ndi chizindikiro chofunikira poyezera mphamvu ndi kulimba kwawo. Malinga ndi GB/T 3098.1-2010, mabawuti, zomangira ndi zomangira zina zitha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo a magwiridwe antchito monga 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10,9, 12.9, etc. Izi zimayimira kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu ndi zokolola zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, bawuti yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito a 8.8 imayimira mphamvu yamphamvu ya 800 MPa ndi mphamvu zokolola za 80%, yomwe ndi mphamvu yolimba ya 640 MPa.
4. Mlingo wolondola
Kulondola kwa zomangira kumawonetsa kulondola kwake kopanga komanso kulondola koyenera. Malinga ndi malamulo ovomerezeka, zopangira zomangira zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: A, B, ndi C. Pakati pawo, mlingo wa A uli wolondola kwambiri ndipo C mlingo uli ndi otsika kwambiri. Posankha zomangira, mulingo wolondola wawo uyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito.
5. Ulusi
Ulusi ndi gawo lofunikira la zomangira, ndipo mawonekedwe awo ndi kukula kwake zimakhudza kwambiri kugwirizana kwa zomangira. Malinga ndi malamulo muyezo, kulolerana mlingo wa ulusi akhoza kugawidwa mu 6H, 7H, etc. Coarse ulusi ali wabwino chilengedwe chonse ndi interchangeability, oyenera nthawi zambiri kugwirizana; Fine ulusi uli ndi ntchito yabwino yoletsa kumasula ndipo ndi yoyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kupirira kugwedezeka kwakukulu ndi kukhudzidwa.
6. Zofotokozera
Mafotokozedwe a fasteners nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo awiri: awiri ndi kutalika. Posankha zomangira, ndi bwino kusankha ma diameter ndi kutalika mkati mwazomwe zimapangidwira kuti muchepetse ndalama zopangira ndi kupanga. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pakusankhidwa kwa madiresi, mndandanda woyamba wa makhalidwe uyenera kusankhidwa momwe zingathere kuti zitheke kupititsa patsogolo chilengedwe chonse komanso kusinthasintha kwa zomangira.
Mwachidule, zomangira, monga zigawo zofunika zolumikizira ndi kukonza magawo, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale. Pomvetsetsa zagawidwe, mfundo zosankhidwa, ndi magawo ena aukadaulo a zomangira, titha kusankha bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomangira. Izi zikumaliza kugawana kwamasiku ano. Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha chidwi chanu komanso kuwerenga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-06-2025